Essay on The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald - 1802 Words

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Thesis: The pursuit of the American Dream is a dominant theme throughout The Great Gatsby, which is carried out in various ways by F. Scott Fitzgerald, how the author represents this theme through his characters and their actions is one small aspect of it. Fitzgeralds dominant theme in The Great Gatsby focuses on the corruption of the American Dream. By analyzing high society during the 1920s through the eyes of narrator Nick Carraway, the author reveals that the American Dream has transformed from a pure ideal of security into a convoluted scheme of materialistic power. In support of this message, Fitzgerald highlights the original aspects as well as the new aspects of the American Dream in†¦show more content†¦Gatsby realizes that life of the high-class demands wealth to become priority; wealth becomes his superficial goal overshadowing his quest for love. He establishes his necessity to acquire wealth, which allows him to be with Daisy. The social elite of Gatsby?s time sacrifice morality in order to attain wealth. Tom Buchanan, a man from an enormously wealthy family, ?seems to Nick to have lost all sense of being kind.?(Lehan, pg.60) Nick describes Tom?s physical attributes as a metaphor for his true character when remark ing that Tom had a ?hard mouth and a supercilious manner?arrogant eyes has established dominance over his face?always leaning aggressively forward?a cruel body?his speaking voice?added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed? (Lehan, p.61) The product of hard work is the wistful Jay Gatsby, who epitomizes the purest characteristics of the American Dream: everlasting hope. His burning desire to win Daisy?s love symbolizes the basis of the old dream: an ethereal goal and a never-ending search for the opportunity to reach that goal. Gatsby is first seen late at night, ?standing with his hands in his pockets? and supposedly ?out to determine what share is his of our local heavens? (Fitzgerald, pg25). Nick watches Gatsby?s movements and comments: ?-He stretches out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and as far as I am from him I can swear he is trembling. Involuntarily I glance seaward-and distinguish nothing except a singleShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald1558 Words   |  7 Pagesreaders that he is an honest, true individual in the beginning. He demonstrates that he is the innocent bystander who is simply just observing everyone around him, and describes himself as â€Å"one of the few most honest people that I have ever known† (Fitzgerald 59). He is immensely charismatic and can make friends with almost everyone, therefore his narration can be described as unbiased and he seems to be merely telling the story as it is. He begins the novel as stating that â€Å"In my younger and more vulnerableRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1695 Words   |  7 Pagespeople and events, or even to be deliberately misleading the reader.† (Margree par. 1). The well-known novel The Gr eat Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald, introduces readers to a story where everything may not be necessarily true. The beauty of this novel is that the readers actually get to decide what they want or do not want to believe. This is all due to Nick Carraway, the narrator of The Great Gatsby. Nick is prejudice and has various faults like dishonesty and being oblivious to himself. A character/narratorRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald 1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby-one of the most interesting books that describes American life and society in the 1920s.Novel was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. Story primarily describes the young, mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his passion for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Novel includes themes of idealism, resistance to change, social differences, American dream, Injustice, power, betrayal, Importance of money, careless, callousness. Scott Fitzgerald sets up his novel into separate social groupsRead MoreThe Great Gatsb y By F. Fitzgerald Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagespossibility, thusly giving the lower class hope of social mobility and economic success. Two tales written during this era epitomize the American Dream through lower class protagonists who find financial fortune. The first is The Great Gatsby, written by Scott F. Fitzgerald in the midst of this extreme social hierarchy he witnessed in 1920’s New York. Secondly, Stella Dallas: originally a novel by Olive Higgins Prouty which was adapted into the 1937 film of the same name; directed by King Vidor. HoweverRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald1302 Words   |  6 Pagestwo texts â€Å"The Great Gatsby† (Scott F. Fitzgerald), and the acclaimed poem â€Å"19† (W. H. Auden), as proven by the use of green light, the role of religion and strong imagery in society and analysis of the lives of those both lavished alongside those who possess only their pity for one’s self. Firstly, Green is represented in The Great Gatsby as a symbol of Gatsby’s unacquainted love for Daisy and its meaning of hope considering it is where she resides at the time. To Gatsby the green lightRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald906 Words   |  4 Pagesthis earth. In the Great Gatsby, by Thomas F. Fitzgerald, having a large sum of money just isn’t enough. In this novel, money symbolizes a social evil and it corrupts people with wealth and ultimately destroys their life. Desire is an unavoidable instinct of human nature. This instinctive behavior will continue whether or not the person fulfills their initial desire. Our desires are proportionate to the possessions we own and accumulate over time. In the Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby follows his dreamsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald726 Words   |  3 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald showcases characters illusions in the novel The Great Gatsby. Each of the characters gets wrapped up in the drea m that they all wanted to live. The Great Gatsby is a novel about the American dream and the illusion is that one can be happy through wealth, power or fame. Gatsby, Myrtle, and George all had an illusion thinking they can live the american dream. Fitzgerald shows many illusions in the Great Gatsby. Throughout the novel Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy, thinking thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald768 Words   |  3 Pageswith your life and most importantly, yourself. In the fictitious novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the characters who have money at their disposal are constantly looking for something else to fulfill their longing to have a meaningful life. Despite it’s problem-solving reputation, money isn’t what it’s chalked up to be, the characters with excessive money aren’t sincerely happy with their lives. Jay Gatsby, Tom Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan Baker and never satisfied with theirRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald1296 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Gatsby Told by Nick Caraway, and written by Scott F. Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby is a classic novel that gives readers a glimpse inside the lives of the wealthy during the roaring 20s. The story follows the lives of Jay Gatsby, a man of new money, Daisy Buchanan, a married girl of old money, and Tom Buchanan, Daisy’s deceitful husband. Jay Gatsby is a man of mystery, with seemly unlimited funds, who throws ridiculous outrageous parties for no apparent reason. It’s learned that he hasRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald574 Words   |  2 PagesTake a look around you, and you will find a myriad of different colors in which you might not think much of, but in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald colors represent different ideas. Fitzgerald utilizes symbolism in the colors of certain objects throughout the novel to reveal a deeper meanings and to enhance the reader’s experience. Fitzgerald introduces Gatsby while he is reaching his hand out to a green light across the bay; the color green stands for something unattainable yet desirable

Gender Disparity Within The Workplace A Cultural Issue

Gender Disparity in the Workplace: A Cultural Issue For much of American history, women were subject to laws that restricted their autonomy. These laws, known as coverture, stipulated that when a woman marries, her legal existence as an individual vanishes. Husband s gain exclusive power and responsibility regarding property. Married women were unable to be sued, execute a will, or own property under her own name. It took until the 1880’s for these laws to dissolve in the legal system. Although it has been over 130 years, remnants of the gender stereotype it created are still instilled in American culture. Women have made great strides in society since the women s suffrage movement, a disparity still exists in the workplace. While organizational laws can be created to help alleviate the glass ceiling and shrink the gender wage gap, an unconscious bias exists towards woman in the workforce and only a societal movement can fully erase the inequalities women face. Similar stereot ypical character traits towards women which aligned with coverture in the 19th century still exist towards women today, limiting their role in the workforce. Early in American history, it was believed that men and women had separate and distinct functions in society. According to Michael O’Malley, Associate Professor of History at George Mason University, during the 1850s, â€Å"the man’s world was understood as tough, self-advancing, competitive, and harsh, and the woman’s world was soft, emotional,Show MoreRelatedOvercoming Obstacles in a Diverse Workplace1241 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity in the workplace is not a new idea or concept. From the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s the majority of people living in the United States were immigrants from other countries including Italy, Russia, and Ireland. Each of the members from these countries spoke different languages, came from different cultures, and had different customs and work ethics. 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There is a substantial difference in the profession of nurse in Australia compared to India and the issues encountered (Charles et al., 2014). In modern society the social stigmata and issue of equality in regard to the profession of nurse in India remains visibly evident (Nair, 2012). Exposure to poor workplace conditionsRead MoreThe Struggles of Immigant Woman Searching for Employment in Canada724 Words   |  3 Pagesin comparison to other immigrant men and Canadian-born men and women. The debate circulating around this issue seeks to answer whether gender, immigrant class, age, ethnicity and sexuality all play a role in an immigrant woman’s ability to be employed (TIEDI, 2010, p.1). Some key questions that have arisen focus on workplace policies and programs that create further disparity within the gender gap, rather than aiding immigrant women who have differing needs in the labour market. 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(Dukes), the court found that there was a lack of significantRead MoreInequality On The Basis Of Race, Class, Sex, And Resource Poor Educational System924 Words   |  4 PagesInequality on the basis of race, class, sex/gender, and sexuality is maintained in a variety of ways and contexts in the education system. This institution functions through several strategies to contain these common imbalances in society. The leading issue for this division is on the basis of its individual structure within the system. For example, Jonathan Kozol demonstrates that â€Å"the divergent experiences of students in a resource-rich and resource-poor educational systems demonstrates a differenceRead MoreThe Importance Of Globalization850 Words   |  4 PagesBefore taking this course, I was curious about the movement of cultural aspects throughout the world. Globalization is more complex than just the spreading of culture but is the idea of global evolution and growth in a positive direction while highlighting and addressing global issues. Globalization is often defined as the expansion of interactions of people through the flow of ideas, culture, and wealth. Globalization influences global, regional, and national policy as well as democracy, educationRead MoreHegemonic Hypocrisy: A Victim of Social Scriptorium1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe idea of intersectionality, binarism leaves â€Å"little place for complex identities† (Shohat, 2). As an American, Jew, and Arab, she speaks of the dispari ties amidst a war involving all three cultural topographies. Albeit she speaks from a subjective standpoint, she does not mention the issue of racial hygiene, class, geographic divisions, and gender. Passages from Guenter Lewy, Melissa Wright, and Philippe Bourgois will be used to discuss the way in which different positionalities might affect the

Market Structure of Tourism in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Market Structure of Tourism in Australia. Answer: Introduction Market is a place where there are buyers and sellers dealing in economic or financial transaction at particular place in a point in time. These transactions depend on the economic variables like demand, supply, production, investments, consumption, purchasing power capacity, and income elasticity (Bianchi, Pike and Lings 2014). On addition, an economic transaction when carried out efficiently the economy is stable. Standard quality in the business encourages more number of consumers, increase in consumers leads to more demand for the services one is getting. There will be more supply of the services in order to attain customers wants. This creates more production leading to increase in the investments and income of the seller. As a result, business earns profit. When business earns good profit, it decides to expand its line of productions across the country in order to increase the investment and to create good economic growth. Tourism industry achieved success domestically as well as globally. When there are different types of market structure like monopoly, duopoly, perfect competition, and oligopoly. The tourism organization connects to 16 business industries that attract large customers of different types. Growth of the economy depends on the line and chain of production (Dolnicar, Lazarevski and Yanamandram 2013). Referring to the topic, the purpose of the report is to discuss the market structure of tourism in Australia from last 5 years. Travel and tourist industry play a key role in influencing the market growth as well the countrys economy.travel industry contributed 3.0 percent of net production to the countrys economy in the year 2014 (Duval 2013). Australia indulges in customer-oriented market and developments in the industry sector that acts as a strong positive impact on the growth of the travel market and economy. Good investments in this industry can create job opportunities, more encouragement to the business and startups leads to increase in scale of production. Innovation and modern technology creates healthy global relations, export sector, and good competition spirit (Dwyer 2015). They created different ways of expanding their businesses in order to maximize sales and output. The motive of tourism industry is to increase in its investment sector by expanding the line of production and business across the globe. The report also draws the strength and weakness and the possible threats of the industry. It also gives innovative and creative ways to increase the demand and encouragement in the growth of tourism industry. Additionally, there is brief summary on the impact of various economic, environmental, technological, social factors on the industry. Market structure of tourism industry in Australia Market structure and types of market structure a market is made of buyers and sellers who are engaged in economic exchange of goods and services with a motive to earn income. They exchange goods and services at a fixed place called market (Forsyth et al. 2014). A buyer is a customer or a consumer who purchases commodity and a seller is a person who sells product with a motive to earn income. The performance of the economy depends on the economic transactions and the economic variables like demand supply, production, cost, investment, quality of resources (Gretzel et al. 2015). Good quality service will create more demand for consumption due to which supply also increases. When demand and supply balances the economy said to be in equilibrium, means there is stability in the performance of the economy A tourism market is a place of business where a customer comes to purchase tickets to travel at respective places may be for personal outings or for business purpose (Hall, Gossling and Scott 2015). There are different types of market structure like monopoly, duopoly and oligopoly. Monopoly - This type of market includes only one seller operating the entire business. Seller is the sole earner (Hallak, Brown and Lindsay 2012). There is no competition therefore seller charges high and different prices to different customers. There are great restrict for the new entrants in this type of market. Therefore, monopoly in tourism market affects in both ways means single seller can rule the entire market whereas, in case of excess demand of consumers cannot fulfilled by only seller. If demand not met, then there will not be sales leading to decline in the purchasing power, due to which income also declines. On the other side, a seller alone can influence the entire industry. There is no competitor in this kind of market, no threat of new entrant or rivalry. Duopoly- It refers to two sellers two firms producing profit on the selling of different products. There is a tough competition between both the firms (Huang, Weiler and Assaker 2015). There is dependency on each other as both have an individual aim to earn maximum profit by keeping joint venture relation. Duopoly market leads more competition and encouragement to business and customers. Price discrimination or price charging may be a big factor of concern in this market. Oligopoly- There is large numbers of buyers and seller selling their products by competing with their rival firms in terms of customers, product quality, and scale of production (Lee, Hallak and Sardeshmukh 2016). Production and selling depends only advertisement factor. There is complete awareness of the rival firms actions and outcomes. With this kind of market structure, there can be huge line of production with large customers and sellers (Layton 2015). There will not be any kind of uniformity because the scale of production is large. There will be more competition, due to which to make continuity in the growth rate, industry should create modern approaches, attractive plans and policies leading to more number of customers. Impact of tourism industry from last five years In the year 2014, the gross domestic product of 3.0 percent created a robust impact on the growth in the economy (Law 2015). For many years, it maintained the good position and stability in the economy globally. There is a research program of tourism department named as tourism research Australia which is established with an aim to identify the performance structure of the tourism industry. Various factors influence the tourism industry is economic, environmental, social, technological, political and legal factors. Social factors also influences greatly to the tourism industry, as this is consumer-oriented market (Mao and Zhang 2014). Preferences, needs, demand of different consumers, their income and the living standards largely reflect the social factor. Technology factor leads to use of modern technology and good resources can attract more customers. This factor depends largely on consumer demand and choices. Standard demands encourages for better services and quality products (Morrison 2013). It also affects the industry position, with good customer services; it opens doors for more buyers, leads to good image for the industry (Pham et al. 2015). Consumer always gives first priority to the quality of the product or services, and though it is largely dependent on consumer, therefore consumer satisfaction will create more output. Environmental factor is one of the important factors in tourism industry. Impact of weather condition will vary the demand for the customers (Ruhanen, Whitford and McLennan 2015). Good weather will create more demand for travelling while bad weather will led to decline in the demand factor. If there are weather imbalances, then there will be problem in economic activity of this industry as no demand will lead to low sales and production will decline (Song, Dwyer and Cao 2012). Due to natural calamities also, there can be low growth in the industry. With changing weather seasons demand of consumer changes and uncertainties in natural calamities possess a threat to the industry. Due to low demand, the sales also went down. Legal and political factor states that with political stability there can be good global relation with the trading partners. Political instability creates problems in the business stability (Thomas 2013). A peaceful negotiation leads to more encouragement to job opportunities, export sector. To increase scale of production, there should be good global relations and this can happen only when there are good government facilities. There must be new plans and policies for the betterment of the industry in order to maintain certain legal standards of the business. Business standards encourage for more consumers and proper legal rules helps to maintain business reputation (Tribe 2015). Overall, there was a good growth and contribution of the tourism sector in the economy as well as in the country. Not only domestic relations but also global trade relations showed a positive impact on the economy and the gross domestic product. Economic impact on tourism industry With reference to economic factor, then tourism sector is one such industry that is always in great demand. Whether it is business travel or else is personal and family travel, this business always gets customers. It also deals with the important global issues and trade agreements with partner countries. The tourism research report gives the analysis about the market performances, the demand and supply rate and the various ways for new policies and plans to promote the growth of the industry. Due to global recession held in the year 2008, the market affected severely. Global recession affected the purchasing power of the consumer as tourism market based on consumer spending only. Recession affected the economic activities due to which consumers were not able to spend their money as a result investment sector declined, led the consumption level also down. In 2015, Australia captured nearly 2,73,000 businesses that means nearly 12 to 13 percent business which shows the growth and scale of production capacity of the country. In 2016, the rate of travelers was 8 percent. The success of Australia globally led the beginning to increase capital through it is newly setup tourism campaign. The reason behind the success of the industry is the hard work and passion of state tourism department, Australian tourist department and the global territory. The previous trading countries were Europe, United States of America and United Kingdom that rose to many more countries in recent years (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Those are Japan, china, Singapore and Malaysia. The tourism department is planning to establish its network in the remaining countries as well. This happened because of innovative approaches and latest technology with being consumer friendly. The aim of this industry is to increase the investment pattern and to fulfill the demands of their customers. They reach out to their customers through electronic means of communication and advertisements in order to create sales and more expansion of their business. There are various tourist partners that are aviation sector, business, sector, airlines, distributing partners, non-travel industry, state and territory industry. Aviation sector includes Cooperation of relation between the aviation industry and the tourist department. There should be demand for the new routes and more flights. Bilateral restrictions should be less for the investment and immigration purposes. Collaborating with Business sector includes more encouragement to the Australia tourism industry for more profit and customers. In case of airlines, tourism sector includes 20-airline partner across the globe, few among them are china southern airlines, air china. It has a long-term goal setup with these 20 airlines for structured business growth with a spirit of mutual healthy cooperation. A global relation creates more investments strategies. Tourism industry collaborated with 160 key distributing partners with an aim to create a perfect market strategy using economic variables like retailer, wholesaler, customer, commitment to fulfill the desired set target. Tourism industry also relates with non-travel industry like Samsung, Sony. In the year 2015, it entered into a partnership with visa cross border campaign for increasing international holiday packages for the customers. Lastly, joining hands with state and territory industry will help to maintain regional and territory stability in the industry and across the globe Conclusion Tourism industry of Australia earned a strong profit and growth in the country as well as globally. Defining the market structure of tourism industry of Australia then it has made a strong position globally by using updated technology, electronic mode of communication. Use of electronic mode of communication it created more and more customers. With the use of advertisements, it created robust sales growth that led increment of the investments pattern. On addition with good government and legal factors, it maintained stability with its trading partners. Robust sales growth and fulfilling the required demands of the consumer mark the success of the Australia tourism industry worldwide. There was a good rate of growth in the production of the business that also created an increase in the gross domestic product of the country. It is a consumer-based market therefore with standard in quality and proper on time services without any delay created huge success and profit. It has established well with few trading partner among few countries, further planning to expand and connect with the rest of the world. Tourism industry is always encouraging and demanding as it leads to travelling, therefore customer satisfaction is the important factor in it. As Australia is planning to expand in Indonesia and the other parts of the world, it will give more success and profit to the business. Therefore, in sum Australia tourism industry had a strong and positive impact on the world economy. References Bianchi, C., Pike, S. and Lings, I., 2014. Investigating attitudes towards three South American destinations in an emerging long haul market using a model of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE).Tourism Management,42, pp.215-223. Dolnicar, S., Lazarevski, K. and Yanamandram, V., 2013. Quality of life and tourism: A conceptual framework and novel segmentation base.Journal of Business Research,66(6), pp.724-729. Duval, D.T., 2013. Critical issues in air transport and tourism.Tourism Geographies,15(3), pp.494-510. Dwyer, L., 2015. Computable general equilibrium modelling: an important tool for tourism policy analysis.Tourism and Hospitality Management,21(2), pp.111-126. Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L., Spurr, R. and Pham, T., 2014. The impacts of Australia's departure tax: Tourism versus the economy?.Tourism Management,40, pp.126-136. Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. and Koo, C., 2015. Smart tourism: foundations and developments.Electronic Markets,25(3), pp.179-188. Hall, C.M., Gossling, S. and Scott, D. eds., 2015.The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability. Routledge. Hallak, R., Brown, G. and Lindsay, N.J., 2012. The Place IdentityPerformance relationship among tourism entrepreneurs: A structural equation modelling analysis.Tourism Management,33(1), pp.143-154. Huang, S., Weiler, B. and Assaker, G., 2015. Effects of interpretive guiding outcomes on tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention.Journal of Travel Research,54(3), pp.344-358. Lee, C., Hallak, R. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2016. Innovation, entrepreneurship, and restaurant performance: a higher-order structural model.Tourism Management,53, pp.215-228. Layton, R.A., 2015. Formation, growth, and adaptive change in marketing systems.Journal of Macromarketing,35(3), pp.302-319. Law, R., 2015. The contributions of economics to hospitality literature: A content analysis of hospitality and tourism journals.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, pp.99-110. Mao, I.Y. and Zhang, H.Q., 2014. Structural relationships among destination preference, satisfaction Mohammed, I., Guillet, B.D. and and loyalty in Chinese tourists to Australia.International Journal of Tourism Research,16(2), pp.201-208. Morrison, A.M., 2013.Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge Pham, T., Jago, L., Spurr, R. and Marshall, J., 2015. The Dutch Disease effects on tourismThe case of Australia.Tourism Management,46, pp.610-622. Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C.L., 2015. Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check.Tourism Management,48, pp.73-83. Song, H., Dwyer, L., Li, G. and Cao, Z., 2012. Tourism economics research: A review and assessment.Annals of Tourism Research,39(3), pp.1653-1682. Thomas, R., 2013.Small firms in tourism. Routledge. Tribe, J., 2015.The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism. Routledge. Vila, T.D., Darcy, S. and Gonzlez, E.A., 2015. Competing for the disability tourism marketa comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia.Tourism Management,47, pp.261-272.

Western Legal Tradition Essay Example

Western Legal Tradition Essay To what extent did the concepts and institutions of the western legal tradition influence the colony of New South Wales and, ultimately, the development of the Australian legal system? Australia inherited a legal system and a system of government from its colonial power, Britain. An understanding of Australian law requires tracing of development of law and legal institutions in England. Britain shares many of the basic concepts of law found in other parts of Western Europe. The underlying concepts and principles of law of Western Europe are generally referred to as Western Legal Tradition’.Western legal tradition along with English law greatly impacted the legal system in the colony of New South Wales. This essay will explore the influence of western legal tradition on the legal system of New South Wales leading to the development of Australia’s own legal system. Overview of the western legal tradition and its significance to Australian law There are two distinct systems of law in the western legal tradition despite sharing similar philosophical underpinnings. Britain follows the common law and the continental Europe follows civil law.These two systems represent a single western tradition, with a shared understanding that law has a central role to play in all social organisations. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Legal Tradition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Western Legal Tradition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Western Legal Tradition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has three main characteristics, a) the autonomy of law it remains differentiated from politics, religion and morality; b) the centrality of law law as a means of social ordering and change pervades in all aspect of society; and c) moral authority of law law is respected, i. e. law should be obeyed as a positive obligation and not for fear of punishment. British concepts and institutionsMany of the legal concepts and institutions like the rule of law, trial by jury, parliamentary sovereignty, representative and responsible government (the parliamentary democracy), judicial independence and many more originated in medieval English history following the Norman invasion in 1066. This conquest impacted on the subsequent development of law and legal system in England. The administration was feudal system. The empire was divided into a number of fiefdoms and each fiefdom had its own law courts. Good governance required unified system of administration and a unified legal system.Unification of legal system was achieved through sending judges around the country deciding civil and criminal cases. These judges applied the law consistently by developing a common set of principles and procedure replacing different customary laws of individual fiefdoms. The body of rules from these rulings became known as common law. Judges applied a principle created in the previous case in future cases with similar facts, and developed the doctrine of precedent. The application of these precedents required a system of reporting and publications.Thus the common law is the by-product of an administrative triumph, the way in which the government of England came to be centralised and specialised during the centuries after the conquest. In 1215 through the Magna Carta many limitations were placed on the authority of the King with the aim of curving arbitrary abuse of power. The King had to agree to rule with a committee of barons. The king also lost the power to tax. No new tax can be levied without the consent of the curia regis. The Westminster model of parliamentary government eventually evolved from this. Development of the Australian legal systemThe acquisition of the Australian continent in 1770s resulted in the introduction of English law in these colonies. The legal system introduced was dependent for its legal validity on a number of British statutes, including the Australian Constitution Act 1900. Between 1855 and 1890 the British Parliament granted a limited right to set up a local system of government (granting of responsible government) to individual colonies within Australia. During the late 19th century efforts were made to create one state out of six independent colonies, and a series of conventions were held in the 1890s to draft a constitution agreed by all colonies.Following a referendum in each colony to approve the draft constitutio n the British Parliament passed this Constitution paving way for the independence of Australia. The removal of British Parliament’s power to enact laws for Australia was formally done through the Australia Act 1986 (UK) passed by the British parliament. This Act also made the High Court of Australia the last court of appeal in Australia. This meant final independence from Britain. Development of a distinct legal system in AustraliaThough the Australian law has originated and developed from English law but due to local circumstances it was impracticable to transplant English law in New South Wales as demonstrated in Kables case. Henry and Susannah Kable were prisoners being transported to Australia. They deposited money with their ships captain but the money disappeared. Under English law, the Kables, being prisoners, were considered attainted and therefore were unable to sue people in civil matters. However, they were allowed to sue in New South Wales, as it was realised that this law of attaint is impractical in a new penal colony where everyone is a prisoner.This case marked the beginning of departure of application of English law paving the way for a new distinct system of law to evolve in New South Wales. However, in line with the western tradition the Australian legal system is based on a fundamental belief in the rule of law including equality before law, the independence of the judiciary. Many safeguards exist to ensure that people are not treated arbitrarily or unfairly. Principles such as procedural fairness, judicial precedent and the separation of powers are also fundamental to Australia’s legal system.Along with these western traditions clearly there were many distinguishing features separating Australian system from English system as manifested in the Australian Constitution of 1901. Unlike Britain Australia has a written constitution. Australia follows a federal system contrary to British unitary system. In a federal system the cons titution distributes the powers between the federal government and the states whereas in a unitary system there is no need for a distribution of powers. The states and territories have their respective government with independent legislative powers.Each of the federal and state governments has three separate branches of government—legislative, executive and judicial. The British Parliament enjoys Parliamentary Sovereignty, i. e. it has the right to make or unmake any law, and a law passed by the parliament cannot be overridden or set aside by another authority. In Australia, the powers of the parliament are limited by the constitution and the Australian High Court can declare a law passed by the parliament invalid if it is unconstitutional. Moreover, the British constitution is flexible whereas the Australian constitution is rigid.The British Upper house, House of Lords, comprises of non-elected nominated members whereas the upper house in Australia, the Senate, comprises of directly elected members representing their respective states and territory. Voting in Britain is voluntary though compulsory in in Australia. From the above discussions it is clear that the Australian legal system and the institutions of governance were influenced, created and shaped by the British law. Despite, these influences due to Australian distinct historical and political needs there emerged a separate legal system in Australia.